measured by both amounts and number, declined when economic conditions are poor. During the crisis years of 2008-2011, the … percentage of such originations fell significantly below the trend line, declining by about one-fourth from the pre-crisis period …

' sovereign exposures and their effects during and after the crisis. First, public, bailed out and poorly capitalized banks …

, particularly during different crisis type periods and origins. Foreign state-controlled banks' loan growth rates are higher than … credit growth during a home banking crisis, while foreign private-owned banks increase lending in the host countries … structure during the global financial crisis of 2008 and gain in importance in the post-crisis period. …

emerging market crisis to capture an adverse supply shock to bank capital, we show, consistent with the bright-side, that …