reserves and lend to each other. Our systemic perspective points to these featuring dimensions of ongoing bank activity. Our … model considers bank activity process within each bank entity and across entities. Each bank keeps currency money in bank … deposits on behalf of other agents. But the bank activity is further characterised by the capacity or privilege to use these …

inclusion in Ghana. To purge potential endogeneity bias in the underlying relationship, we exploit a change in the policy … compartmentalized system of banking to a universal banking system in Ghana has resulted in an expansion of banks' branch networks, which … banking system penetration promotes financial inclusion-notably, access to bank credit and to formal credit. The results of …

We examine the real effects of changes in bank mortgage loan underwriting standards by combining responses to the …