This paper investigates how banks with different organizational cultures (defined as either control-dominant, collaborate-dominant, compete-dominant, create-dominant) manage their loan loss provisions (LLPs) in response to intensified industry competition. For identification, we utilise the...

Do banks charge an environmental premium when lending to publicly listed firms? Using CDP's unique and comprehensive database on carbon emissions, we study whether firms which choose to voluntarily disclose their carbon emissions enjoy more favorable lending conditions than their non-disclosing...

The "ESG lending" market, where loan contract terms are contingent on borrower ESG performance (i.e., ESG-linked loans), or where loans are issued for specific green projects (i.e., Green loans), has grown exponentially from $6 billion in 2016 to $173 billion in 2019. Much of this growth is...

The issuance of sustainability-linked loans (SLLs) has grown exponentially in recent years. Using a scoring methodology, we examine the underlying key performance indicators of a large sample of SLLs and analyze whether their design creates effective incentives for improving corporate...

Both borrowers and lenders can be socially responsible (SR). Ethical banks commit to financing only ethical projects, which have social profitability but lower expected revenues than standard projects. Instead, no credible commitment exists for SR borrowers. The matching between SR borrowers and...