illustrates these techniques by applying them to Singapore. As an advanced economy with a complex financial system and rapid … adoption of fintech, Singapore serves as a good case study. We place our results in the context of recent cybersecurity …

are regulated, including the need to obtain a charter to operate and explicit and implicit federal guarantees of bank … liabilities to reduce the probability of bank runs. These aspects of banking affect a bankś choice of risk vs. expected return …, which, in turn, affects bank performance. Banks have an incentive to reduce risk to protect the valuable charter from …