Payment systems are fundamental pillars of countries’ economic stability and financial systems. Central banks use them to promote safe and efficient electronic payments. As such, central banks have developed various tools to control and monitor inherent risks such as systemic risk, liquidity...

We outline a procedure for consistent estimation of marginal and joint default risk in the euro area financial system. We interpret the latter risk as the intrinsic financial system fragility and derive several systemic fragility indicators for euro area banks and sovereigns, based on CDS...