In a new CEPS Policy Brief, CEPS Chairman H. Onno Ruding argues that financial reform is urgently needed in the EU not only to reduce the likelihood of another financial crisis in the coming years but also to reinforce the internal market. In his view, a primary financial as well as political...

At issue in the debate over the renewal of the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) of 1977 are the various yardsticks regulators use to judge whether individual institutions are meeting the credit and service needs of low- and moderate-income (LMI) communities. Based on careful examination of new...

The present discussions about the future of bank regulation, coming after a long period of bank deregulation, have a natural tendency to exaggerate the effectiveness of regulation. But those discussions are poorly rooted in the macroeconomic foundations of bank intermediation, including its...