This paper builds a new dataset on bank ownership and reassesses the links between state-ownership of banks and each of financial development, economic growth, financial stability, bank performance, liquidity creation, and lending cyclicality. Using panel data to estimate the short-and...

On the occasion of related proposals by the European Commission and the Eurogroup, this paper proposes to entrust the ESM with the hosting of the ESRB in the medium term. The novel proposal aims at strengthening the macro-prudential expertise of the ESM and at enhancing the independence of the...

After the 2008 Financial Meltdown the need to reconsider the separation between commercial banking and other financial risky activities - ring fencing - in order to mitigate systemic risks and to address the too big to fail problems was publicly recognized both in the United States and in...