that are driven by out of equilibrium behavior, such as clustered volatility and fat tails. We argue that traditional … banks …

regulatory equity and the increasing reliance on banks’ internal risk models for the determination of risk weights. The first …

curtailed credit supply, particularly at less-well capitalized banks. Second, such negative impact was larger for countries … significantly smaller for foreign-owned banks, suggesting that opening up to foreign investors may be an effective way to partly … shield the domestic banking sector from negative shocks. Overall, CAR enforcement — by inducing banks to reduce their lending …

spreads, particularly for banks identified as too-big-to-fail (TBTF) or systemically important (SIFI). Using secondary market …. Market discipline of banks appears to have improved further after the rating criteria changes by Moody's …

groups in Albania and the compliance with the existing Law “On banks in the Republic of Albania” (no. 9662, dated 18 …, conditions, requirements, references and principles for the consolidated supervision of banks and non-bank financial institutions … which are principal entities in a banking group or a financial group and operate under the Law on Banks and Albanian banking …

significant increase in both the idiosyncratic volatility and illiquidity of banks' portfolios during the period of financial … deregulation initiated by the formal removal of restrictions prohibiting banks from engaging in securities trading. In contrast …, subsequent reforms of the bank capital requirements system and the prohibition of banks from proprietary trading activities lead …

problems but that regulators should be selective in what tools they use to enhance risk culture in banks with consideration …