This paper investigates whether the probability of a banking crisis depends on the time that has elapsed since the last banking crisis. More than two centuries of banking crises are considered, and a discrete-time duration model that is based on a cubic spline methodology is implemented. The...

We empirically examine whether the way a bank might use loan loss provisions to smooth its income is influenced by its ownership concentration and the regulatory environment. Using a panel of European commercial banks, we find evidence that banks with more concentrated ownership use...