Risk diversification is the basis of insurance and investment. It is thus crucial to study the effects that could limit it. One of them is the existence of systemic risk that affects all of the policies at the same time. We introduce here a probabilistic approach to examine the consequences of...

We make all decisions in the context of what we know and can envision. However, catastrophes often arise from what we had not known or had not envisioned previously. Approaches that work for addressing what can be envisioned are not useful in preventing catastrophic meltdowns arising from what...

"An in-depth look at the tools and techniques professionals use to address financial risksRisk and uncertainty, as Allan Malz explains in his ground-breaking new book, are two completely different concepts. Risk is a quantifiable uncertainty that can be modeled, while uncertainty defines...