Risk diversification is the basis of insurance and investment. It is thus crucial to study the effects that could limit it. One of them is the existence of systemic risk that affects all of the policies at the same time. We introduce here a probabilistic approach to examine the consequences of...

1. Introduction -- 2. Fundamental Risk Factors of Financial Markets -- 3. Financial Instruments: A System of Derivatives and Underlyings -- 4. Overview of the Assumptions -- 5. Present Value Methods, Yields and Traditional Risk Measures -- 6. Arbitrage -- 7. The Black-Scholes Differential...