Commercial banks are seen as shareholder value maximising banks, whereas savings banks may have a social or regional agenda and cooperative banks focus on providing value for their customer-owners. Hence, it is generally thought that savings and cooperative banks are less profitable than...

Failure in bank corporate governance has been seen as a contributing factor to excessive risk-taking pre-crisis with devastating implications as risks realised during the financial crisis. Unfortunately, the empirical evidence on the impact of managerial incentives on bank crisis performance is...