We argue that risk sharing motivates the bank-wide structure of bonus pay. In the presence of financial frictions that make external financing costly, the optimal contract between shareholders and employees involves some degree of risk sharing whereby bonus pay partially absorbs earnings shocks....

Equity-based financing (EBF) is an Islamic bank (IB) financing type that promotes justice, spirituality, and Islamic values. However, data shows that IBs still have low EBF. The researcher noted that with EBF, there is information asymmetry, agency problems and the potential for moral hazards,...