We develop a model to study the deployment of shared automated teller machines (ATMs) by banks when an interchange system compensates them for processing foreign withdrawals. The interchange fee is chosen collectively by banks and it is paid by the withdrawer's bank to the ATM-owning bank. We...

We compare the effects of the three most common ATM pricing regimes on consumers’ welfare and banks’ profits. We consider cases where the ATM usage is free, where customers pay a foreign fee to their bank and where they pay a foreign fee and a surcharge. Paradoxically, when banks set an...

We show that regulating the interchange fee at cost reduces banks’ incentives to deploy free ATMs over time. Simultaneously, more and more pay-to-use ATMs are deployed by independent ATM deployers. These results are consistent with the recent evolution of the British ATM market.