What makes e-money more special than cash? Is the introduction of e-money necessarily welfare enhancing? Is an e … welfare in a cash economy. A model that features both trading frictions and two-sided platforms is then built and used to … emoney depends critically on whether cash is a viable alternative to e-money as a means of payment. When it is not (e.g., for …

implement and improve the constrained optimal resource allocation. We find that, compared to cash, emoney technologies allowing …

Providing bank notes is one of the Bank of Canada’s core functions. The Bank is therefore interested in whether cash is …. We provide a perspective on these issues by exploring access of First Nations reserves to cash. To do so, we measure the … distance between the 637 reserve band offices in Canada and their closest cash sources. In this study, these cash sources are …

studies a platform's business model choice between accepting cash and issuing tokens, as well as the implications for welfare …, resiliency, and interoperability. A cash platform free rides on the existing payment infrastructure and profits from collecting … mitigate the cyber risk. Tokens earn consumers a return, insulating transactions from the liquidity costs of using cash, but …