In this study, we consider the construction of through-the-cycle ("TTC") PD models designed for credit underwriting uses and point-in-time ("PIT") PD models suitable for early warning uses, considering which validation elements should be emphasized in each case. We build PD models using a long...

The Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL) revised accounting standard for credit loss provisioning is the most important change to United States (US) accounting standards in recent history. In this study, we survey and assess practices in the validation of models that support CECL, across...

This article examines the impact of the new supervisory standards of Basel 2.5 and Basel III for bank trading portfolios with regards to the additional capital requirements developed to mitigate liquidity risk and credit risk. Using the incremental risk charge (IRC), the authors estimate risk...