We investigate the economic consequences of the implementation of a particular aspect of Basel III in the U.S. Specifically, the Basel III proposal and the corresponding U.S. rule (hereafter referred to as the removal of the AOCI filter) to make the inclusion of unrealized fair value gains and...

Several studies have addressed, with conflicting results, the issue of procyclical effects of loan loss provisions in the past. More recently, the weak performance of incurred loss models in the financial crisis has given rise to a new debate on the sound design of credit risk provisioning...

Bank regulators and academics have long conjectured the beneficial effects of smoothing in loan loss provisions (i.e., making higher provisions during good times so as to avoid doing so during bad times) for bank lending and stability, while accounting regulators express concerns about its...

The aim of this study is to investigate which factors influence loan quality in Greece. In this context, it is examined the effect of various accounting and macroeconomics indices to loans loss provisions (LLP) and loans loss reserves (LLR) ratios. The empirical analysis is carried out at both...

The German Commercial Code ("HGB") allows banks to build visible reserves for general banking risks according to section 340g HGB. These "GBR reserves" may, in addition to their risk provisioning function, be used to enhance capital endowment, for internal financing, signaling or earnings...

This study examines loan loss provisions following top executive turnovers in Japanese banks. The study differentiates between voluntary and forced turnover and inside and outside succession. The results show that incoming top executives, following forced turnover or outside succession, tend to...

Academic research on loan loss provisioning and the earlier incurred credit losses (ICL) model has a long tradition in the literature. Academic criticism of the ICL was taken up by the Financial Stability Board after the financial crisis of 2018, leading to a fundamental revision of accounting...

The Financial Accounting Standards Board issued the current expected credit loss (CECL) standard, which requires banks to take a forward-looking approach to recognizing life-of-loan losses upon loan origination. Using bank mortgage approval decisions at the ZIP code level and a...

This paper empirically examines the association between bank capital and banks' monitoring effort. We use four proxies to measure the unobservable monitoring effort. Two of the proxies are based on loan quality (ex-post outcomes of monitoring effort). The other two proxies are based on salary...

We examine the period over which banking authorities discussed, adopted, and implemented Basel III to understand whether, when, and how firms respond to proposed regulation. We find evidence to suggest that the affected banks not only lobbied rule makers against it, but these banks also made...