We present the first meta-analysis of the income elasticity of water demand that accounts for the effects of … elasticity is approximately 0.15 or less. The result is robust to controlling for 30 other characteristics of the estimates and … demand equation. …

prices are determined by shocks to the supply and demand for oil tankers, to the utilization of tankers, and to the cost of …-trip voyage rates. Oil exports from the Arabian Gulf also decline, reflecting lower demand for VLCCs. Positive utilization shocks …. Tanker supply and tanker demand shocks have persistent effects on time charter rates, round-trip voyage rates, the volume of …

conclusion that the one-month oil supply elasticity is close to zero, which implies that oil demand shocks are the dominant …This paper examines the advantages and drawbacks of alternative methods of estimating oil supply and oil demand …

unconventional, puzzling or erroneous conclusions. Finally, we discuss the construction of extraneous measures of oil demand and oil …