This research studies the childhood exposure effect on stock market participation. We find that individuals with rural childhoods are less likely to invest in the stock market, controlling for wealth, trust, social interaction, risk attitude, and financial literacy. Furthermore, we find evidence...

In this paper, we present novel data from the German-speaking area on 13,422 venture capital investments between 1999 and 2019, and document a novel and yet unexplained contributor to investors' home bias. We propose a new measure of regional identity based on a recent vehicle license plate...

This paper examines the association between stock market return expectations and financial wealth holdings of older adults using the 2016 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. Our study finds that less than 30% of individuals assigned a greater than 50% probability that the market will earn a...