An examination of spectrum auctions in a number of countries in Africa and beyond, suggests that many have failed, while others can be viewed as problematic. In many cases auctions have failed because reserve prices were set too high, and because the amount of spectrum on offer was limited. Most...

The issue of quality and its relationship with efficiency and performance is a crucial operational issue in many fields of study including production economics, operations research, engineering and business management. In this paper we provide a methodology for identifying latent quality...