This paper investigates whether education and working in a physically demanding job causally impact temporary work … contribution is to allow endogeneity of both education and occupation by estimating a quasi-maximum-likelihood discrete factor … administrative registers for 1998-2002. We generally find an independent role of both education and occupation on temporary work …

a novel data set covering profession and education of more than 500 political leaders from 73 countries. Our results …, union executives tend to impede reforms. We also highlight interactions between profession and education with time in office …