have boosted German competitiveness, resulting in higher exports, higher production and lower unemployment. This … explains the gains in competitiveness but increases unemployment and inequality, and the subsequent labour market reforms lower … unemployment by lessening the reservation wage and expanding the non-tradable sector. The model replicates the developments of the …

This paper evaluates the short-term labour market impact of the COVID-19 Containment measures in Germany. We take the … from employment into unemployment in April 2020 were due to the containment measures. In a second approach, we make use of … the unemployment effect coming from the separations margin. In sum, the lockdown measures increased unemployment in the …

(ALMP) to fight unemployment in many countries in recent years. In contrast to traditional ALMP instruments like training … unemployed individuals to exit unemployment by entering self-employment and, thus, by creating their own jobs. In this sense … combat unemployment but also as business policy to promote entrepreneurship. The corresponding empirical literature on this …

only the end of unemployment for the new entrepreneur but also some further positive effects, e.g., direct job creation …,100 start-ups founded by unemployed persons in Germany. Individuals were subsidized under two different schemes, and we are able … heterogeneous. -- Start-up subsidies ; self-employment ; unemployment ; direct employment effects ; survival …