This paper evaluates the effects of a fall in payroll taxes on employment and wages in the presence of high labor … formality. The model suggests that the reform would increase total employment by between 0.3 to 0.5 percent and formal … employment by between 3.4 to 3.7 percent over the pre-reform scenario. In addition, formal wage rates would increase by 4 …

to establish a pre-pandemic employment trend and attribute any difference from this trend to the estimated effect of the … pandemic on employment outcomes. We find mixed impacts of the pandemic on Indonesia's labor market. While the pandemic has … reduced the gender gap in employment participation due to the "added worker effect" among women, it has also lowered overall …

different impacts by gender, sector, and status in employment. The findings show that both relative and absolute job losses have … been greater in the informal economy, while the rate and level of recovery have been greater for formal employment. Further …

employment, wages, and productivity. Evidence generally shows these forces to be offsetting, usually resulting in small … employment and earnings effects and sometimes in large, positive effects on productivity and scale. Foreign ownership usually has …

on the working week, employment and productivity. A baseline model economy is calibrated to reproduce the cross … higher degree of flexibility in weekly hours. The 2012 reform is found to preserve employment and generate a 1.72% increase … in productivity. In the work-sharing scenario, the increase in employment (1.86%) comes at the expense of a lower …

transmission. We offer the first study that examines the effects of the COVID-19-induced lockdown on various employment outcomes … rate, the temporary layoff rate, and decreases the quality of employment. It also reduces workers' numbers of working hours …

but also synergistic, in order to stimulate employment and capitalize the potential of each category, so as to contribute …, with the necessary policy support at central and local level, including in terms of employment. …

transmission. We offer the first study that examines the effects of the COVID-19-induced lockdown on various employment outcomes … rate, the temporary layoff rate, and decreases the quality of employment. It also reduces workers' numbers of working hours …

This research documents changes in employment and wages in the Netherlands for different types of workers. We compare … employment has been growing by 2 percent in the period 2017-2023, of which 1.8 percent has been due to additional workers finding … employment. Women have experienced the largest increase in employment, while the employment of men on temporary contracts has …

This paper considers the role mergers and acquisitions have on employment. First, it considers the importance of … activity in a similar manner, employment authorities may be able to anticipate the regions in which takeovers are more likely …