Climate policy needs to set incentives for actors who face imperfect, distorted markets and large uncertainties about the costs and benefits of abatement. Investors price uncertain assets according to their expected return and risk (carbon beta). We study carbon pricing and financial incentives...

We propose a proxy for a climate risk factor, the pollutive-minus-clean (PMC) portfolio, which captures differences in returns to firms that have high versus low corporate emissions. By regressing individual stock returns on the PMC factor, we obtain estimates of asset-level climate risk...

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions create a cost liability for firms exposed to the implementation of carbon pricing. We propose a framework for public equities that links Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions with changes in firm valuation. This framework considers both 1) larger operating costs that lead...

We show using both simulated and historical data that separating active returns (i.e., alpha) from market exposure (i.e., beta) can have significant tax benefits. An investment strategy that separately invests into a passive index portfolio and an actively-managed long-short portfolio is more...