The emergence of integrative trade and global value chains (GVCs) over the past 20 years has changed the competitive landscape in international goods and services markets. Competition in many lines of businesses, particularly in the manufacturing sector, is now taking place more at a value chain...

This research volume is concerned with the causes and consequences of global value chains — the fragmentation of production across firms and international boundaries. Figure 1 provides a schema for thinking about these phenomena. The total value of inputs used in producing a given level of...

The circular economy model enables businesses to incorporate regenerative manufacturing systems that use closed-loop resources to achieve economic and environmental sustainability. The work focuses on the circular economy’s competitive advantage from the multinationals apparel industry’s...

Since the 1960s, Germany has established itself as European manufacturing centre, and its export of goods made in Germany has become a pillar of its economic post-war success. In recent years, many German firms have further deepened their international involvements with links to global value...