Growth in U.S. manufacturing’s real value-added has exceeded that of aggregate GDP, except during recessions, leading many to conclude that the sector is healthy and that the 30 percent decline in manufacturing employment since 2000 is largely the consequence of automation. The robust growth...

Global value chain (GVC) participation has transformed many lines of business. The benefits it provides in terms of greater specialization and technology diffusion, however, do not spread identically across countries and industries. This paper shows that taking into account the functional...

3D printing is a new manufacturing method used to make customized products that is also instrumental in driving manufacturing innovation. The global market for this technology has expanded rapidly thanks to a sharp increase in industrial applications. However growth of the Korean 3D printing...