The employment effect of large firms on small firms has rarely been studied. Using establishment data in Japan, this study examines firms with the top 1% of sales, comparing the effect of such firms with many employees (more than the small- and medium-sized enterprise thresholds or 1000...

This paper examines whether or not the relative importance of the firm and industry effects in explaining performance variations is the same regardless of the firm size. In relation to size, we think that there has been particular neglect of studying medium-sized firms separately from SMEs in...