In 1933, the German government introduced the marriage loan for newlyweds, a policy aimed at increasing marriages and …

sex ratio in World War II contributed to a lower decline in fertility and child mortality rates in postwar Japan. In … particular, the fertility rate would have fallen by an additional 12% and the child mortality rate by an additional 13% between …

The 2010 Census confirmed that Brazil is experiencing a substantial demographic transformation. In 1990, the fertility … that the Brazilian fertility rate will be among the lowest in the world before the end of this decade. Are there …

its total fertility rate. At the household level, it has also been well documented that children's education is negatively … policymakers and researchers evaluate the total benefit of family planning policies, both policies to lower fertility and policies …

migration affected fertility by building a decennial bilateral migration matrix between French regions for 1861-1911. The … suggest the convergence towards low birth rates can be explained by the diffusion of low-fertility norms by migrants …

not a strictly binding constraint. To investigate whether such adjustments could apply to fertility, we estimate the … fertility cost of temperature shocks by shifting conception month. This dynamic adjustment helps explain the observed decline in … on our analysis of historical changes in the temperature-fertility relationship, we conclude air conditioning could be …

, villages, and manors in 1871 Prussia. We study religion, literacy, fertility, and group segregation by location type (town … it is in villages and manors. Finally, a larger share of Jews is associated with lower fertility in towns, which is not …