Ratings in emerging markets can serve as part of the early warning systems to reflect the weak signals of potential risks to the entity from the environment. Emerging markets have specific features that rating agencies usually consider in judgments of their credit ratings. They are underpinned...

This handbook presents a systematic overview of approaches to, diversity, and problems involved in interdisciplinary rating methodologies. Historically, the purpose of ratings is to achieve information transparency regarding a given body’s activities, whether in the field of finance, banking,...

Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Part I: General Approaches to Ratings -- Chapter 1: Ratings as Tools of Informational Transparency -- 1.1 Evolution of the Understanding of Rating -- 1.1.1 What Is Success and Successfulness? -- 1.1.2 How Can Success Be Measured? -- 1.1.3 So...