bicycle spending by means of gross health benefits alone, as are inframarginal benefits to existing cyclists. By monetizing … campaigns) in bicycle policy. Finally, we propose an empirical method for identifying internal costs using a latent variable … approach and apply it to eight Swiss cities. Our results imply that Swiss cyclists internalize more than mortality …

for internal costs of bicycling. We apply our model to eight Swiss cities using data from the Swiss national travel survey …

Aerodynamic drag in a bicycle can originate through the rotation of wheels, and the addition of cladding on the wheels … has a pronounced impact on the same. In the present work, the effect of cladding on the wheels of a bicycle is studied in … Simulation is used to conduct an external analysis of flow air around the bicycle and rider. The k-ε turbulence model is used to …