This paper emphasizes the importance of including supply-side substitution when assessing mergers in data-driven markets. A review of three merger decisions involving big data giants such as Facebook and Google reveals that competition authorities have so far neglected important aspects of...

Are there economies of scale to data in internet search? This paper is first to use real search engine query logs to empirically investigate how data drives the quality of internet search results. We find evidence that the quality of search results improve with more data on previous searches....

Recent progress in information technologies provides sellers with detailed knowledge about consumers' preferences, approaching perfect price discrimination in the limit.We construct a model where consumers with less strategic sophistication than the seller's pricing algorithm face a trade-off...

Are there economies of scale to data in internet search? This paper is first to use real search engine query logs to empirically investigate how data drives the quality of internet search results. We find evidence that the quality of search results improve with more data on previous searches....

This paper provides a definition of “big data” in antitrust. While big data has become an important topic in the antitrust literature and in competition policy practice, no clear-cut definition of big data has been provided yet. This contribution fills a gap clarifying, that a big data...

In its Communication "Building a European data economy" the EU Commission discusses the introduction of a new exclusive property right on data ("data producer right") for non-personal (or anonymised) machine-generated data, and mandatory access rights to privately held data for achieving more...

Are there economies of scale to data in internet search? This paper is first to use real search engine query logs to empirically investigate how data drives the quality of internet search results. We find evidence that the quality of search results improve with more data on previous searches....

Governments around the world want to develop their ICT and digital industries. Policymakers thus need a clear sense of the size and characteristics of digital businesses, but this is hard to do with conventional datasets and industry codes. This paper uses innovative "big data" resources to...

The paper aims to contribute to the reflection on both the role that personal data has acquired in the mostly dominant business models of the digital economy and how this is likely to pose substantive challenges to EU competition law. After sixty years since its foundation, getting an exhaustive...

The integration of big data, cloud computing, and internet-enabled infrastructures for sustainability has brought about remarkable advancements in various sectors. These technologies enable unprecedented levels of efficiency and sustainability, driving innovation and creating new opportunities....