Existing literature of earnings management focuses on a wide range of firms and large corporations. However, LPTs are usually limited in the use of accruals for earnings management because of the characteristics of real estate investment. This paper examines earnings management strategies among...

In this paper, we investigate how real estate portfolio composition impacts earnings management (EM) of New Zealand listed property portfolios (NZ-LPPs). We employ a panel dataset containing accounting and property data for NZ-LPPs. The findings include: (1) the office property ratio of the real...