of labor market programs on youth employment. We find that the slump in the 1990s has been associated with dramatic … and education has been roughly proportional, however. The evolution of employment and unemployment does not offer much … for labor by skill attributable to technological innovation. The employment crisis has been met by an unprecedented …

We explore the pace of increase in returns to schooling during the transition from planning to market over time across … a number of Central and Eastern European countries, Russia, and China. We use metadata from 33 studies of 10 transition …

. Contrary, employment status as well as occupation explain a more substantial part in all countries. We conclude that earnings …

find that being trained does not affect significantly the transition probabilities …

communism (1989), in mid-transition (1996) and in late/posttransition (2002). We show: dramatic increases in returns to … returns to education obtained during communism vs. transition; no change in wage-experience profiles over time; and similar … the planners did; all the adjustment occurred in early transition and was driven by market forces rather than private …

in the West (labor supply movements, product demand shifts, technical change) or the transition-specific accounts …

spells in entrepreneurship versus wage employment, thereby accounting for selectivity into entrepreneurial positions based on …) constraints faced by entrepreneurs when optimizing the profitable employment of their education. Entrepreneurs have more personal … control over the profitable employment of their human capital than wage employees. …

spells in entrepreneurship versus wage employment, thereby accounting for selectivity into entrepreneurial positions based on …) constraints faced by entrepreneurs when optimizing the profitable employment of their education. Entrepreneurs have more personal … control over the profitable employment of their human capital than wage employees. …

spells in entrepreneurship versus wage employment, thereby accounting for selectivity into entrepreneurial positions based on …) constraints faced by entrepreneurs when optimizing the profitable employment of their education. Entrepreneurs have more personal … control over the profitable employment of their human capital than wage employees. …