to linked data from health surveys, tax files and the mortality register to estimate the causal effect of education on … mortality. The reform provides a powerful instrument, significantly raising years of schooling, which, in turn, has a large and … significant effect on mortality even in old age. An extra year of schooling is estimated to reduce the probability of dying …

to linked data from health surveys, tax files and the mortality register to estimate the causal effect of education on … mortality. The reform provides a powerful instrument, significantly raising years of schooling, which, in turn, has a large and … significant effect on mortality even in old age. An extra year of schooling is estimated to reduce the probability of dying …

household outcomes. We find that in cities with a larger kindergarten exposure, families significantly reduced fertility, with …. Households reduced fertility because kindergarten attendance increased returns to education, but it also led to higher …

Aiming to boost fertility rates, in 2007 the Spanish government implemented a universal €2500 baby bonus paid to …