Using a representative sample of European firms, we study whether financing constraints affect employers' investments in employee training and physical capital differently. We measure financing constraints with an index that combines survey and balance sheet data. We instrument this index with...

European firms have increasingly invested in training of employees but differences across countries and types of firms remain - and the COVID-19 shock may have exacerbated them. This report analyses European firms' investment in training over the last six years examining trends, factors...

European firms have increasingly invested in training of employees but differences across countries and types of firms remain - and the Covid-19 shock may have exacerbated them. This report analyses European firms' investment in training over the last six years examining trends, factors...

European firms have increasingly invested in training of employees but differences across countries and types of firms remain and the Covid-19 shock may have exacerbated them. This report analyses European firms' investment in training over the last six years examining trends, factors supporting...