After the fall of the Berlin Wall, East Germany experienced an unprecedented temporary drop in fertility driven by … economic uncertainty. Using various educational measures, we show that the children born during this nativity slump perform … observed personal characteristics. These children are also less likely to have grown up within stable family environment …

fertility on parental investments and on women's labour supply that use twin births to instrument fertility will tend to be …

Twin births are often used to instrument fertility to address (negative) selection of women into fertility. However …, twin-IV estimates will tend to be upward biased. This is pertinent given the emerging consensus that fertility has limited … impacts on women's labour supply, or on investments in children. Using data for developing countries and the United States, we …

instrument fertility will under-estimate impacts of fertility on parental investments and women's labour supply. This is …