This paper uses cross-country data to examine the long-term effect of trade openness on the gender gaps in wages, education, political empowerment and health. Key findings are: trade openness since 1970 reduced the gender gaps in wages and educational attainment as of 2011 but did not influence...

This paper builds on Padilla and Cachanosky (2018) and examines if immigrants' educational attainments matter, particularly for immigrants with low educational attainments, when it comes to test the impact immigrants have on the economic freedom of the US states. Except in the area of government...