-track high school students upon treatment. A more direct estimate of the effects of the increased learning intensity - as … school duration by one year while keeping its curriculum unaltered to investigate how the resulting increase in learning … latter increased significantly for boys and for students with a migration background …

pervasive in the American schooling system as a means of measuring the performance of students and educators. Parents and other … stakeholders often raise concerns that testing has negative psychological and educational consequences for students. Focusing on … how testing affects learning, I use participation in the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) tests as the …