contribution to growth. Estimates of the long-run numeracy development of most countries in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, America … numeracy as measured by the age-heaping strategy for long-run economic growth. In a variety of specifications, numeracy …This study is the first to explore long-run trends of numeracy for the 1820-1949 period in 165 countries, and its …

contribution to growth. Estimates of the long-run numeracy development of most countries in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, America … numeracy as measured by the age-heaping strategy for long-run economic growth. In a variety of specifications, numeracy …This study is the first to explore long-run trends of numeracy for the 1820-1949 period in 165 countries, and its …

Age heaping-based numeracy indicators have served as valuable tools to derive basic human capital estimates, especially … multiple of five reports an accurate age. In an empirical analysis we show that the commonly used binary numeracy indicator is …

-heaping method. We place special emphasis on the gender gap in numeracy and its determinants. In particular, we test the validity of … a U-hypothesis of gender equality, implying that gender equality in numeracy declines at initial stages of development … and increases again with higher numeracy levels. The U-shaped pattern is strongly confirmed by our data. …

outcomes of literacy, numeracy and educational attainment. The survey includes a range of literacy and numeracy variables that … are highly inter-correlated. A "general to specific" approach identifies the most relevant literacy and numeracy variables … education on labour force participation and on unemployment can be attributed to literacy and numeracy (the indirect effect) and …