As is the case in most OECD countries, boys in Norway are more likely to have lower levels of academic achievement and attainment than girls. While this phenomenon is not recent, it has become increasingly pronounced in recent years and, as a result, is attracting considerable attention from...

We use longitudinal data from over 1.5 million students to examine the impact of COVID-19 on students’ achievement in mathematics and reading in primary and lower secondary schools in Italy, as well as its impact on inequalities by gender and socio-economic condition. On average, the cohort of...