This paper estimates the causal effects of parental education on their children's risky health behaviours and health …. Instrumental variable estimates and difference-in-differences estimates reveal that increases in maternal schooling reduce children … children's education and improvements in their peer environment early in life are important for explaining the effects. Changes …

non-cognitive skills with a novel measure of lead exposure, we follow 800,000 children from birth into adulthood. We find …

impact both younger and older children. The average treated student in our setting has an expected income reduction of $5 …

performance, shift the entire academic performance distribution, and negatively impact both younger and older children. We provide …

performance, shift the entire academic performance distribution, and negatively impact both younger and older children. Exposure …

development and socio-economic development gaps. For children born before January 1, 2007, parental leave benefits were means …-tested and paid for up to 24 months after childbirth. For children born thereafter, parental leave benefits were earnings … study the reform effects on children's language skills, motor skills, socio-emotional stability, and school readiness using …