A growing economics literature establishes a causal link between in utero shocks and health and human capital in … background and county of residence in early childhood to adult health and economic outcomes. The identification comes from …

-term outcomes, including lifetime income, health, cognitive skills, and education. Our results show that the school lunch program … attainment and health and these effects can explain a large part of the return to school lunches. …

We examine multi-generational impacts of positive in utero and early life health interventions. We focus on the 1980s …'s health outcomes at birth. We find strong evidence that the health benefits associated with treated generations' in utero … birth weight. Later childhood exposure to Medicaid does not lead to persistent health effects across generations. The return …

We examine multi-generational impacts of positive in utero and early life health interventions using state …-year variation in public health insurance expansions that targeted low-income pregnant women and children. We use restricted use … generation's health outcomes at birth. We find robust evidence that the health benefits associated with treated generations …