positive trade shocks, or improvements in export tax revenues, increased expenditures on education per capita and education … outcomes in the period 1889 to 1930. In fact, trade shocks ended up altering the inequality in education levels across states … in a permanent way. The paper ends by explaining why politicians spent windfall tax revenues to invest on education. …

positive trade shocks, or improvements in export tax revenues, increased expenditures on education per capita and education … outcomes in the period 1889 to 1930. In fact, trade shocks ended up altering the inequality in education levels across states … in a permanent way. The paper ends by explaining why politicians spent windfall tax revenues to invest on education …

, expenditure on education and training are recorded as human capital formation. This includes not only the expenditure on primary …, secondary and tertiary education, but also expenditure on training and courses by employers and the earnings foregone by … part of final consumption expenditure. The satellite shows more comprehensively than OECD Education at a Glance who pays …

challenge by raising education spending and expanding the capacity of the education system in key areas such as pre …-primary education and increasing participation in education beyond the age of 16. Nevertheless, performance on international tests of … cognitive ability remains significantly below the standards of the best performing OECD countries and the education system seems …

. Federal law also does not protect a right to education that would enable individuals to participate in society and flourish. A … review of state law reveals that states vary widely in their legal protections from racial discrimination in education and in …Education has long stood at the epicenter of the battle for civil rights. More than half a century after the U …

Pakistan's education system faces long-standing problems in access, quality, and equal opportunity at every level …: primary and secondary schools, higher education and vocational education. In spite of recent encouraging trends, such as the … rapid spread of private schooling and an expansion of higher education opportunities, systemic reform remains stubbornly …

Political regimes influence the contents of education and the criteria used to select and evaluate students. We study … the impact of a socialist education on the likelihood of obtaining a college degree, as well as on several labor market … education system within the same birth cohort. We find that an additional year of socialist education substantially decreases …