children in Germany. We exploit the introduction of birthright citizenship for newborn children in Germany starting on the 1st … of January, 2000, to obtain difference-in-differences estimates for the effect of citizenship on the children s … children to enter the middle school track rather than the lower one. This suggests that growing up with the citizenship of the …

. The reform replaced parents choice about their children s secondary school type by a binding teacher recommendation. Our … capture that with free parental choice, overambitious parents tend to select too demanding tracks for their children. …