Many payment for ecosystem services programs peg subsidy levels to the complexity of conservation projects. We investigate the additionality of conservation subsidies on project complexity using data from Maryland, which has used PES programs aggressively to reduce agricultural nutrient...

Voluntary payment for ecosystem services (PES) programs have been an important means of addressing environmental externalities, especially those from agriculture. Questions have been raised as to the additionality of agricultural PES programs. Many farmers adopt conservation practices...