Energy consumption in the operation and maintenance phase of the urban water and wastewater network is directly related to both the quantity and the desired quality of the supplied water/treated wastewater – in other words, to the level of service provided to consumers. The level of service is...

This paper outlines a methodology for a systematic economic–environmental analysis of realistic and realisable options for recovering and utilising energy from biogas produced in sewage sludge digesters in WWTPs (wastewater treatment plants). Heat, electricity and transport fuel can be...