property as a package) could be used as an institution to facilitate technology transactions in biotechnology. Patent pools … have been used with success in the consumer electronics and other sectors but they are untested in biotechnology despite … this industry. The first is that the current antitrust requirements are difficult to meet in biotechnology. The second is …

Dramatic recent expansion of intellectual property protection in the field of biotechnology has led to concerns that … source principles to biotechnology research and development. It argues that open source biotechnology is both desirable and …

Fledgling efforts exist to establish open-source projects in biotechnology. Following copyleft, participants agree that … for the public benefit. In addition, although open source biotechnology may decrease some downstream economic rewards, it …