. Shareholders vote by unilateral proxies, which prevent them from “mixing and matching” among nominees from either side. The … outcomes, which disenfranchise shareholders. By removing these distortions, universal proxies would improve corporate suffrage …

corporate board governance in recent years. Given the critical role that shareholders have in approving director appointments …, we analyze voting patterns in director elections to investigate whether and how shareholders value board diversity. Using … a broad sample of director elections from 2008 through 2018, we find evidence that shareholders provide greater voting …