This study analyzes trends in average commute times in Brazil between 1992 and 2009. It distinguishes between the nine … according to income levels and gender. This paper is based on the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) carried out by the … Brazil. PNAD data is not conceived strictly for transport planning but is the only large-scale survey in Brazil with annual …

Extreme inequality in Brazil is self-evident. The historian José Murilo de Carvalho emblematically chose to end his … book on the history of citizenship in Brazil with the severe diagnosis that 'inequality is the slavery of today, the new … - income inequality as 'undesirably high', and as a source of 'pained conscience' (Simonsen 1972, 57; 59). [...] …

analyzes its causes and consequences. It shows that, as in the international context, the relationship between income and life … expectancy has shifted consistently in the recent past. But reductions in mortality within Brazil have been more homogeneously … income per capita, being therefore responsible for 28% of the overall improvement in welfare. We then use a dynamic panel to …

analyzes its causes and consequences. It shows that, as in the international context, the relationship between income and life … expectancy has shifted consistently in the recent past. But reductions in mortality within Brazil have been more homogeneously … income per capita, being therefore responsible for 28% of the overall improvement in welfare. We then use a dynamic panel to …