"Argues that rural land and labor activism extend back to 1920s, at least in São Paulo state. Details interaction of rural workers with Vargas state, the Partido Comunista Brasileiro, Catholic Church, and other actors, and workers' responses to repression after 1964. Important antidote to...

It is generally accepted that migration will lead to an increase in income. However the question is how will income be distributed across individuals in society? If migrants have lower education levels, when compared to current urban workers, then the in ow of migrants will increase the skill...